Python Operators

Python operators are used in programming to perform a variety of operations on variables and values. In addition, these operators can manipulate individual items and returns a result and the data items are referred as operands or arguments.

Python has 7 operator groups as shown below:

• Python Arithmetic Operators
• Python Assignment Operators
• Python Comparison Operators
• Python Logical Operators
• Python Identity Operators
• Python Membership Operators
• Python Bitwise Operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Python arithmetic operators  include basic mathematical operations.

Input:

a = 20
b = 10
addition = a + b
subtraction = a - b
multiplication = a * b
division = a / b
modulus = a % b
exponentiation = a ** b
floordivision = a // b

print(f"First variable is: {a} ")
print(f"Second variable: {b} ")
print(f"Python addition example: {addition} ")
print(f"Python subtraction example: {subtraction} ")
print(f"Python multiplication example: {multiplication} ")
print(f"Python division example: {division} ")
print(f"Python modulus example: {modulus} ")
print(f"Python exponentiation example: {exponentiation} ")
print(f"Python floordivision example: {floordivision} ")

Output:

First variable is: 20 
Second variable: 10 
Python addition example: 30 
Python subtraction example: 10 
Python multiplication example: 200 
Python division example: 2.0 
Python modulus example: 0 
Python exponentiation example: 10240000000000 
Python floordivision example: 2

Python Assignment Operators

Python assignment operators are used to assign variables with a value.

Input:

a = 20
b = 7
print("nPython Assignment Operator Examples")
print(f" First variable is: {a} ")
print(f" Second variable: {b} ")
print(f" a = 20: {a}")
a = 20
a += b
print(f" a += b: {a}")
a = 20
a -= b
print(f" a -= b: {a}")
a = 20
a *= b
print(f" a *= b: {a}")
a = 20
a /= b
print(f" a /= b: {a}")
a = 20
a %= b
print(f" a %= b: {a}")
a = 20
a //= b
print(f" a //= b: {a}")
a = 20
a**=b
print(f" a **= b: {a}")
a = 20
a&=b
print(f" a &= b: {a}")
      
a = 20
a |= b
print(f" a |= b: {a}")
a = 20
a ^= b
print(f" a ^= b: {a}")
a = 20
a >>= b
print(f" a >>= b: {a}")
a = 20
a <<= b
print(f" a <<= b: {a}")

Output:

Python Assignment Operator Examples
 First variable is: 20 
 Second variable: 7 
 a = 20: 20
 a += b: 27
 a -= b: 13
 a *= b: 140
 a /= b: 2.857142857142857
 a %= b: 6
 a //= b: 2
 a **= b: 1280000000
 a &= b: 4
 a |= b: 23
 a ^= b: 19
 a >>= b: 0
 a <<= b: 2560

Python Comparison Operators

Input:

equal = a == b
not_equal = a != b
greater_than = a > b
less_than = a < b
greater_than_or_equal_to = a >= b
less_than_or_equal_to = a <= b
print("nPython Comparison Operator Examples")
print(f" First variable is: {a} ")
print(f" Second variable: {b} ")
print(f" a is equal to b: {equal} ")
print(f" a is not equal to b: {not_equal} ")
print(f" a is greater than b: {greater_than} ")
print(f" a is less than b: {less_than} ")
print(f" a is greater than or equal to b: {greater_than_or_equal_to} ")
print(f" a is less than or equal to b: {less_than_or_equal_to} ")

Output:

Python Comparison Operator Examples
 First variable is: 20 
 Second variable: 30 
 a is equal to b: False 
 a is not equal to b: True 
 a is greater than b: False 
 a is less than b: True 
 a is greater than or equal to b: False 
 a is less than or equal to b: True

Python Logical Operators

Python logical operators are used to combine conditional statements to

Input:

a = 1
b = 20
logical_and = a < 5 and a < 10
logical_or = a < 5 or a < 10
logical_not = not(a < 5 and a < 10)
print("nPython Logical Operator Examples")
print(f" First variable is: {a} ")
print(f" Second variable: {b} ")
print(f" a < 5 and a < 10: {logical_and} ")
print(f" a < 5 or a < 10: {logical_or} ")
print(f" a < 5 not a < 10: {logical_not} ")

Output:

Python Logical Operator Examples
 First variable is: 1 
 Second variable: 20 
 a < 5 and a < 10: True 
 a < 5 or a < 10: True 
 a < 5 not a < 10: False

Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Input:

a = 1
b = 20
identity_is = a is b
identity_is_not = a is not b
print("nPython Identity Operator Examples")
print(f" First variable is: {a} ")
print(f" Second variable: {b} ")
print(f" identity_is = a is b: {identity_is} ")
print(f" identity_is_not = a is not b: {identity_is_not} ")

Output:

Python Identity Operator Examples
 First variable is: 1 
 Second variable: 20 
 identity_is = a is b: False 
 identity_is_not = a is not b: True

Python Membership Operators

Python membership operators are used to test if a value is presented in an object.

Input:

cars = ["Aston Martin", "BMW", "Ferrari", "Lamborghini"]
membership_in = 'Aston Martin' in cars
membership_not_in = 'Mercedes' not in cars
print("nPython Membership Operator Examples")
print(f" membership_in = 'Aston Martin' in cars: {membership_in} ")
print(f" membership_not_in = 'Mercedes' not in cars: {membership_not_in} ")

Output:

Python Membership Operator Examples
 membership_in = 'Aston Martin' in cars: True 
 membership_not_in = 'Mercedes' not in cars: True

Python Bitwise Operators

Python bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers: